If you grew up Jewish, you’ve probably spun a dreidel at least once during Chanukah. Maybe you cleaned out the pot with a lucky gimel, or watched your chocolate gelt pile disappear after landing on shin one too many times. But here’s the thing—whether you’re a dreidel champion or someone who’s been faking it at Chanukah parties for years, there’s actually a lot more to this spinning top than you might think.
So, how do you actually play dreidel? What do those Hebrew letters mean? And why did this game become such a huge part of Chanukah tradition? Let’s break it all down, from the basic rules to the history behind the game, so you can dominate at your next Chanukah gathering (or finally understand what’s happening when everyone’s yelling about gimel).
What Is a Dreidel?
A dreidel (or sevivon in Hebrew) is a four-sided spinning top that’s traditionally played during Chanukah. Each side has a Hebrew letter: nun (נ), gimel (ג), hey (ה), and shin (ש). These letters stand for the Hebrew phrase “Nes Gadol Haya Sham,” which means “A great miracle happened there”—referring to the Chanukah story of the Maccabees’ victory and the miracle of the oil lasting eight nights.
Interestingly, if you play dreidel in Israel, the shin (ש) is replaced with a pey (פ), changing the phrase to “Nes Gadol Haya Po”—“A great miracle happened here.” Because, you know, the miracle actually happened in Israel.
How to Play Dreidel: The Rules
Learning how to play dreidel is easier than you think. Here’s the step-by-step breakdown:
What You’ll Need:
- One dreidel (or one per player if you want to speed things up)
- Game pieces/tokens: Chocolate gelt (coins), pennies, M&Ms, nuts, raisins, or literally anything small you can bet with
- 2+ players (the more, the better)
Setup:
- Divide the game pieces equally among all players—usually 10-15 pieces each.
- Everyone sits in a circle around the “pot” (the center pile).
- Each player puts one piece into the pot to start.
How to Play:
Step 1: Decide who goes first by having everyone spin the dreidel once. The person with the highest spin goes first. (Nun is the highest, then gimel, hey, and shin. If there’s a tie, those players spin again.)
Step 2: Play moves clockwise. On your turn, spin the dreidel and follow the action based on which letter lands face-up:
Nun (נ) – “Nisht” (Nothing in Yiddish)
Nothing happens. You don’t take anything, you don’t put anything in. Just pass the dreidel to the next player. Boring, but better than shin.
Gimel (ג) – “Gantz” (All/Everything)
JACKPOT. You take the entire pot. Everyone (including you) now puts one piece back into the pot, and the game continues. This is the spin everyone’s hoping for.
Hey (ה) – “Halb” (Half)
You take half of the pot. If there’s an odd number of pieces, round up (so if there are 7 pieces, you take 4). Not as good as gimel, but still a solid win.
Shin (ש) – “Shtel” (Put in)
Oof. You have to put one piece INTO the pot. This is the dreidel betraying you.
Step 3: Keep playing until one person has collected all the pieces—or until you’ve eaten all the latkes and sufganiyot and nobody cares anymore.
Game Variations & House Rules:
Want to make things more interesting? Here are some popular dreidel variations:
- High Stakes Dreidel: Instead of putting in one piece after spinning shin or gimel, make it two or three pieces. The game moves faster, and the stakes feel higher.
- Timed Dreidel: Set a timer for 10-15 minutes. Whoever has the most pieces when time runs out wins.
- Tzedakah Dreidel: Instead of keeping your winnings, everyone contributes money to the pot, and the winner chooses a charity to donate it to. A dreidel game with a purpose.
- Elimination Style: If a player runs out of pieces, they’re out. Last one standing wins. (Though you can also let players “borrow” from others to keep the game going longer.)
The History & Meaning Behind the Dreidel
So why do we spin tops during Chanukah? The story goes back over 2,000 years to when the Greek-Syrian armies controlled the Land of Israel under King Antiochus. The Greeks outlawed Jewish religious practices, including Torah study, in an effort to force Jews to assimilate into Hellenistic culture.
Jews continued studying Torah in secret—often in forests or hidden locations. When Greek soldiers would patrol, Jewish children would quickly pull out small spinning tops and pretend they were just playing an innocent gambling game. The dreidel became a symbol of resistance, allowing Jewish learning to continue even under oppression.
When the Maccabees eventually defeated the Greek army and reclaimed the Second Temple in Jerusalem, they found only one small jug of pure oil—enough to light the menorah for just one day. Miraculously, that oil lasted for eight days, which is why Chanukah is celebrated for eight nights.
The four Hebrew letters on the dreidel—nun, gimel, hey, shin—were later reinterpreted to stand for “Nes Gadol Haya Sham” (A great miracle happened there), commemorating the Chanukah miracle.
The European Origins of Dreidel
Here’s a fun fact: the dreidel game itself actually has roots in a European gambling game called “teetotum,” which was popular in England, Ireland, and Germany during the 16th century. The game used a four-sided spinning top with letters directing players to take or put in pieces—just like dreidel.
When the game reached Germany, the letters were N (nichts/nothing), G (ganz/all), H (halb/half), and S (stell ein/put in). Yiddish-speaking Jews in Eastern Europe adapted the game using Hebrew letters that sounded similar: nun, gimel, hey, and shin. Over time, the game became uniquely tied to Jewish culture and Chanukah traditions.
Why Dreidel Still Matters Today
In a world of high-tech everything, there’s something timeless about sitting around with friends and family, spinning a simple wooden top, and laughing when someone loses all their chocolate coins to an unlucky shin. Dreidel isn’t just a game—it’s a connection to Jewish history, a reminder of resilience, and honestly, just a really fun way to celebrate Chanukah.
Whether you’re playing with kids who are still figuring out the rules, college students turning it into a drinking game (we see you), or adults keeping the tradition alive, dreidel brings people together. It’s a game that’s been played for generations, and it’s not going anywhere.
Pro Tips & Dreidel Strategy (Yes, There Actually Is Strategy)
Okay, so dreidel is mostly a game of luck—but there are a few strategic moves that can give you an edge:
Manage Your Gelt Wisely: Don’t go all-in early. If you’re playing elimination style, conserve your pieces in the early rounds. Let other players knock each other out first while you stay in the game with a steady pile.
Watch the Pot Size: If the pot is huge and you’re low on pieces, that’s actually the best time to spin. A lucky gimel when the pot has 20 pieces can completely turn the game around. If the pot is tiny and you’re already ahead, you’re in a good position to just coast.
Know When to Negotiate: If someone’s about to get knocked out, offer them a “loan” of one or two pieces to stay in the game. Keep the game going longer, and you never know—they might spin gimel and pay you back. Plus, it’s just more fun when everyone’s still playing.
Don’t Get Tilted by Shin: Yeah, landing on shin multiple times in a row is frustrating. But statistically, you’ve got a 25% chance of hitting any letter. Stay patient, keep spinning, and remember—one gimel can erase five shins.
Speed vs. Control: Some people spin the dreidel hard and fast, others go for a controlled, slower spin. Honestly, it doesn’t matter. Physics doesn’t care about your spin technique. But if you want to look like you know what you’re doing, commit to a confident spin.
Modern Dreidel Variations & Creative Ways to Play
The classic dreidel game is timeless, but people have gotten creative over the years. Here are some modern takes on how to play dreidel:
1. Dreidel Drinking Game (21+)
Replace chocolate gelt with shots or sips. Spin shin? Take a drink. Spin gimel? Everyone else drinks. Spin hey? Choose someone to drink. Nun? Safe. (Play responsibly, obviously.)
2. Giant Dreidel Tournament
Get a huge wooden or inflatable dreidel and turn it into a party game. Bigger dreidel = more dramatic spins = more entertainment. Bonus points if you’re playing outside and the dreidel keeps rolling away.
3. Speed Dreidel
Everyone spins at the same time. Chaos. Pure chaos. Pieces flying everywhere. No one knows who won. But it’s hilarious.
4. Dreidel Bracket Challenge
Set up a March Madness-style bracket with multiple rounds. Players face off head-to-head, and the winner of each matchup advances. Last dreidel champion standing.
5. Virtual Dreidel
Can’t meet in person? There are actually dreidel apps and online games where you can play virtually with friends and family. Not quite the same as spinning a physical dreidel, but it works when you’re celebrating Chanukah across time zones.
6. Educational Dreidel for Kids
Instead of betting gelt, use the game to teach kids Hebrew letters, Jewish history, or even math (counting pieces, adding/subtracting from the pot). Make it a learning experience while keeping it fun.
Dreidel Slang & Fun Terms You Should Know
If you really want to sound like a dreidel pro, here are some fun terms and slang you’ll hear at Chanukah parties:
- “Gimmel out!” – When someone spins gimel and takes the whole pot
- “Shin-ed” – Getting stuck putting pieces in repeatedly (the worst luck)
- “Nun luck” – Spinning nun multiple times in a row (aka nothing happening for you)
- “Gelt broke” – Running out of game pieces and getting knocked out
- “The dreidel gods” – Whoever controls your spins (spoiler: nobody, it’s all random)
- “Dreidel drought” – Going several rounds without winning anything
- “Hot streak” – When you’re hitting gimel and hey back-to-back
- “Pot pirate” – Someone who keeps landing gimel and stealing the pot
The Cultural Significance of Dreidel in Jewish Life
Dreidel isn’t just a Chanukah game—it’s a symbol of Jewish resilience, creativity, and the ability to find joy even in difficult times. When Jewish practices were outlawed, the dreidel became a tool of resistance. When Jewish communities were scattered across the diaspora, the dreidel remained a common thread connecting families to their heritage.
For many Jewish families, playing dreidel is a multi-generational tradition. Grandparents teach grandchildren the rules, parents share stories of playing as kids, and everyone gathers around the table (or floor) to spin, laugh, and celebrate together. It’s one of those traditions that feels both ancient and timeless—because while the world around us changes, the simple act of spinning a top and hoping for gimel stays the same.
In Israel, dreidel (or sevivon) is a major part of Chanukah celebrations in schools, community centers, and homes. Kids learn the songs, play the game, and understand the historical connection to the Land of Israel. There’s something powerful about spinning a dreidel in Jerusalem or Tel Aviv, knowing that you’re playing in the place where the miracle actually happened—where the dreidel letter is pey (פ) instead of shin (ש), because here, it’s not “there”—it’s “here.”
Dreidel in Pop Culture & Beyond
Dreidel has made its way into mainstream pop culture over the years, showing up in TV shows, music, movies, and even fashion. From Adam Sandler’s “The Chanukah Song” references to dreidel-themed ugly Chanukah sweaters, the little spinning top has become an iconic symbol of Jewish culture that even non-Jews recognize.
There are dreidel championships held across the United States and Israel, where competitors face off in high-stakes dreidel tournaments (yes, seriously). Some events raise money for charity, while others are just for bragging rights. Either way, people take their dreidel game seriously.
You’ll also find dreidel merchandise everywhere during Chanukah season—dreidel earrings, dreidel cookies, dreidel dog toys, dreidel wrapping paper. It’s basically the mascot of Chanukah at this point, right up there with the menorah.
Why You Should Keep the Dreidel Tradition Alive
In a world that’s increasingly digital and fast-paced, there’s something beautifully analog about dreidel. No screens, no apps, no notifications—just a wooden top, some chocolate coins, and the people you’re celebrating with. It forces you to be present, to engage with each other, and to embrace the randomness of the game (because let’s be honest, you have zero control over how that dreidel lands).
Playing dreidel is also a way to pass down Jewish traditions to the next generation. When you teach a kid how to play dreidel, you’re not just teaching them a game—you’re teaching them about Jewish history, resilience, and the importance of celebrating together. You’re giving them a memory they’ll carry with them and one day pass down to their own kids.
And honestly? It’s just fun. There’s a reason this game has survived for centuries. It’s simple, it’s social, and it brings people together in a way that few other games do.
The Best Dreidels & Where to Get Them
Not all dreidels are created equal. If you’re serious about your dreidel game (or just want one that actually spins well), here’s what to look for:
Types of Dreidels:
1. Classic Wooden Dreidels
The OG. Usually made from solid wood with painted or carved Hebrew letters. They spin smoothly, feel substantial in your hand, and look beautiful on display. Perfect for traditionalists.
2. Plastic Dreidels
Colorful, cheap, and often come in bulk packs. Great for large groups, kids, or when you need a backup dreidel (or twelve). They don’t spin as smoothly as wooden ones, but they get the job done.
3. Ceramic or Metal Dreidels
Heavier, more decorative, and often designed as art pieces. These are gorgeous for display but can be harder to spin. Best for collectors or as Chanukah gifts.
4. Giant Dreidels
Inflatable or wooden giant dreidels that are more for entertainment than serious gameplay. Perfect for parties, outdoor celebrations, or just making a statement.
5. Handmade & Artisan Dreidels
Crafted by Jewish artists, these dreidels are often one-of-a-kind pieces made from unique materials like olive wood from Israel, hand-blown glass, or sculpted metal. They’re investment pieces that double as meaningful Judaica.
What Makes a Good Dreidel for Playing:
- Weight: A heavier dreidel (wood or metal) spins longer and more consistently than a light plastic one.
- Balance: The dreidel should spin smoothly without wobbling. Test it before buying if possible.
- Point: A sharp, well-defined point helps the dreidel spin longer. Rounded or dull points = shorter spins.
- Size: Bigger isn’t always better. Medium-sized dreidels (about 2-3 inches tall) are easiest to spin and control.
Dreidel Gift Ideas:
Looking for Chanukah gifts for the dreidel enthusiast in your life? Here are some creative ideas:
- Dreidel-themed jewelry – Necklaces, earrings, or cufflinks shaped like dreidels
- Custom dreidels – Personalized with names, dates, or special messages
- Dreidel art prints – Modern or traditional artwork featuring dreidels
- Dreidel cookie cutters – Bake dreidel-shaped cookies or sufganiyot
- Dreidel books – Children’s books about the history and meaning of dreidel
- Premium dreidel sets – Beautiful wooden or ceramic sets that come in gift boxes
FAQs About How to Play Dreidel
Q: Can you play dreidel with 2 players?
A: Absolutely! While dreidel is more fun with a larger group, it works perfectly fine with just two players. The game might last longer since there are fewer people contributing to the pot, but it’s still enjoyable.
Q: What happens if the dreidel lands on its side or doesn’t stop spinning?
A: If the dreidel falls over or lands at an angle where you can’t tell which letter is up, just spin again. No penalty, just a do-over.
Q: How long does a typical dreidel game last?
A: It really depends on how many players you have, how many pieces each person starts with, and how lucky everyone’s getting. A game can last anywhere from 10 minutes to over an hour. Most games with 4-6 players last around 20-30 minutes.
Q: What’s the best thing to use as game pieces?
A: Chocolate gelt (coins) is the most traditional and festive option, but you can use anything small: pennies, M&Ms, raisins, nuts, poker chips, or even Legos. Just make sure you have plenty of pieces to keep the game going.
Q: Can you make up your own dreidel rules?
A: Of course! Dreidel is all about tradition, but every family has their own variations. Some play with different ante amounts, some allow “loans” to keep players in the game, and some add bonus rounds. Make it your own.
Q: Is dreidel actually mentioned in the Torah or Talmud?
A: No, dreidel is not mentioned in any ancient Jewish texts. It’s a relatively modern tradition (from the last few hundred years) that became associated with Chanukah. The game itself has European origins but became deeply connected to Jewish culture and the Chanukah story over time.
Q: Do you have to be Jewish to play dreidel?
A: Not at all! While dreidel is a Jewish tradition, anyone can play and enjoy the game. It’s a fun, simple game that brings people together—and that’s something everyone can appreciate.
Q: What’s the world record for longest dreidel spin?
A: Believe it or not, people have actually set records for this. The longest recorded dreidel spin is several minutes (the exact record varies depending on the source), achieved with specially balanced dreidels. Most regular dreidels spin for 10-30 seconds.
Ready to Celebrate Chanukah in Israel Next Year?
Now that you know how to play dreidel like a pro, imagine spinning it in the place where the miracle actually happened. Picture lighting the menorah in Jerusalem, wandering the Old City during Chanukah, eating fresh sufganiyot from Israeli bakeries, and celebrating the Festival of Lights in the country where it all began.
Next Chanukah, you could be celebrating in Israel.
Masa Israel Journey offers immersive programs that let you experience Israeli life, connect with Jewish history, and build friendships that last way beyond your time there. Whether you’re looking for a 6-8 week short-term experience through MasaGo!, a gap year adventure, or a professional internship, there’s a Masa program designed for you.
Celebrate Chanukah where the dreidel says “Nes Gadol Haya Po”—a great miracle happened here. Because there’s a difference between learning about Jewish history and actually living it.
👉 Explore Masa Israel programs and start planning your journey here.
Final Thoughts: Spin, Win, and Keep the Tradition Alive
Whether you’re a dreidel champion or still learning the difference between gimel and shin, the game is all about having fun, celebrating Jewish culture, and keeping traditions alive. So grab a dreidel, gather some friends, stock up on chocolate gelt, and let the spinning begin.
And hey, if you spin gimel three times in a row? You’re basically a Chanukah legend.
Happy Chanukah from all of us at Masa Israel Journey! 🕎✨
