In this thorough article, Karin Tamar Schafferman of the Israel Democracy Institute examines the complexity of Arab self-definition and the relationship between Arabs and Jews in Israel in order to determine whether true equality has been achieved. The author describes the development of these issues throughout Israel’s short but turbulent history, the key factors that affect the relationship between Israeli Jews and Arabs, and statistics regarding the way in which each side views the other and the place of Arabs in Israeli society, according to the Israeli Democracy Index.